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JEE MainChemistryp Block Elements (Group 13 & 14)

The relative stability of +1 and +3 oxidation states varies down Group 13. Based on these trends, which of the following redox reactions is thermodynamically spontaneous under standard conditions?

Options

  1. AGa ³⁺ + Tl ⁺ Ga ⁺ + Tl ³⁺
  2. BTl ³⁺ + Ga ⁺ Tl ⁺ + Ga ³⁺
  3. C3 Tl ⁺ 2 Tl + Tl ³⁺
  4. DGa ³⁺ + 2 Tl Ga ⁺ + 2 Tl ⁺

Correct answer

B. Tl ³⁺ + Ga ⁺ Tl ⁺ + Ga ³⁺

Step-by-step solution

Due to the inert pair effect, the stability of the lower oxidation state ( +1 ) increases down Group 13, while the stability of the higher oxidation state ( +3 ) decreases. For Thallium (Tl), the +1 oxidation state is much more stable than the +3 state. Thus, Tl ³⁺ acts as a strong oxidizing agent and readily reduces to Tl ⁺ . For Gallium (Ga), the +3 oxidation state is more stable than the +1 state. Thus, Ga ⁺ acts as a strong reducing agent and readily oxidizes to Ga ³⁺ . When Tl ³⁺ and Ga ⁺ interact, Tl ³⁺ is re

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