Phenol is subjected to two different bromination conditions: Pathway 1: Reaction with Br ₂ in CS ₂ at 273 K yields P as the major product. Pathway 2: Reaction with bromine water yields a white precipitate Q . Identify P and Q .

Step-by-step solution

In Pathway 1, the reaction of phenol with bromine takes place in a non-polar solvent ( CS ₂ ) at a low temperature ( 273 K ). Under these conditions, the ionization of phenol is suppressed, and the electrophilic substitution is moderated. This leads to mono-bromination, yielding 4-bromophenol (para-isomer) as the major product P due to less steric hindrance compared to the ortho-isomer. In Pathway 2, the reaction of phenol with bromine water involves a highly polar aqueous medium. Phenol ionizes to form the phenoxi