Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion (A)...

- Assertion (A) states that the electric field created by a time-varying magnetic field is non-conservative. For a conservative electric field, the line integral around a closed loop is zero ($\oint \vec{E} \cdot d \vec{I} = 0$). However, according to Faraday's Law of Induction, $\oint \vec{E} \cdot d \vec{I} = -\frac{d \Phi_B}{dt}$, which is generally non-zero when there is a changing magnetic flux. This non-zero line integral signifies that the induced electric field is non-conservative. So, Assertion (A) is true. - Reason (R) states that the line integral of induced electric field in a closed loop is always equal to zero. As explained above, according to Faraday's Law, the line integral of the induced electric field around a closed loop is not always zero; it is equal to the negative rate of change of magnetic flux. Therefore, Reason (R) is false. Since Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false, the most appropriate answer is (3).