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JEE Main202622 January 2026Morning ShiftChemistryChemical Bonding and Molecular StructureActual

The formal charges on the atoms marked as (1) to (4) in the Lewis representation of HNO ₃ molecule respectively are

Options

  1. A0,0,-1,+1
  2. B0,-1,0,+1
  3. C+1,0,0,-1
  4. D0,+1,0,-1

Correct answer

D. 0,+1,0,-1

Step-by-step solution

The formal charge (F.C.) of an atom in a Lewis structure is calculated using the formula: F.C. = [Total valence electrons] - [Total non-bonding (lone pair) electrons] - 1 2 [Total bonding (shared) electrons] For atom (1) Oxygen: Valence e^- = 6 , Lone pair e^- = 4 , Bonding e^- = 4 . F.C. = 6 - 4 - 1 2 (4) = 0 For atom (2) Nitrogen: Valence e^- = 5 , Lone pair e^- = 0 , Bonding e^- = 8 . F.C. = 5 - 0 - 1 2 (8) = +1 For atom (3) Oxygen: Valence e^- = 6 , Lone pair e^- = 4 , Bonding e^- = 4 . F.C. = 6 - 4 - 1 2 (4) =

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