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JEE Ionic Equilibrium PYQs with Solutions

391 previous year questions from Ionic Equilibrium (JEE Main & Advanced Chemistry) with answers and solutions. Numbered list, year tags, and one-tap solutions — built for serious JEE / NEET practice.

391 questionsChemistry2002–2026Answers + solutions

About Ionic Equilibrium PYQs

Ionic Equilibrium has 391 previous year questions in the Quantrex Academy JEE Main & Advanced Chemistry bank. The 220 questions in this list come from JEE Main (155), NTA Abhyas JEE Main (45) and JEE Advanced (20), spanning 2002 to 2026. Each question opens on its own page with the options, the correct answer and the worked solution where available.

Questions by year (this list)

  • 2026: 14
  • 2025: 17
  • 2024: 9
  • 2023: 17
  • 2022: 17
  • 2021: 17
  • 2020: 57
  • 2019: 11
  • 2018: 10
  • 2017: 3
  • 2015: 1
  • 2014: 3

Ionic Equilibrium questions with solutions

1

Given is a concentrated solution of a weak electrolyte A_xB_y of concentration 'c' and dissociation constant 'K'. The degree of dissociation is given by :

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2

M_3 A_2 is a sparingly soluble salt of molar mass y g mol ^ -1 and solubility x g L ^ -1 . The ratio of the molar concentration of the anion ( A^ 3- ) to the solubility product of

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3

Arrange the following resultant mixtures in increasing order of their pH values A. 10 mL 0.2 M Ca(OH) _2 + 25 mL 0.1 M HCl B. 10 mL 0.01 M H _2 SO _4 + 10 mL 0.01 M Ca(OH) _2 C.

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4

20 mL of a solution of acetic acid required 28.4 mL of 0.1 M NaOH for its neutralization. A solution (X) was prepared by mixing 20 mL of the above acetic acid and 14.2 mL of 0.1 M

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5

The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 5 mL of 0.1 M NH_4OH solution with 250 mL of 0.1 M NH_4Cl solution is _____ × 10^ -2 . (Nearest integer) Given: pK_b(NH_4OH) = 4.74 2 =

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6

The first and second ionization constants of a weak dibasic acid H_2 A are 8.1 × 10^ -8 and 1.0 × 10^ -13 respectively. 0.1 mol of H_2 A was dissolved in 1 L of 0.1 M HCl

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7

At 25°C , 20.0 mL of 0.2 M weak monoprotic acid HX is titrated against 0.2 M NaOH. The pH of the solution (a) at the start of the titration (when NaOH has not been added) and (b)

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8

The solubility product constants of Ag_2CrO_4 and AgBr are 32x and 4y respectively at 298 K. The value of ( molarity of Ag_2CrO_4 molarity of AgBr ) can be expressed as :

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9

Consider a weak base ' B ' of pK_ b =5.699 . ' x ' mL of 0.02 M HCl and ' y ' mL of 0.02 M weak base ' B ' are mixed to make 100 mL of a buffer of pH 9 at 25^ ∘ C . The values of

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10

Consider the dissociation equilibrium of the following weak acid HA leftharpoons H^ + (aq)+A^ - (aq) If the pKa of the acid is 4, then the pH of 10 mMHA solution is \_\_\_\_

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11

Consider two Group IV metal ions X^ 2+ and Y^ 2+ . A solution containing 0.01 M X^ 2+ and 0.01 M Y^ 2+ is saturated with H_ 2 ~S . The pH at which the metal sulphide YS will form

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12

x mg of pure HCl was used to make an aqueous solution. 25.0 mL of 0.1 M Ba(OH)_ 2 solution is used when the HCl solution was titrated against it. The numerical value of x is

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13

Which of the following mixture gives a buffer solution with pH=9.25 ? Given : pK_ b (NH_ 4 OH)=4.75

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14

The first and second ionization constants of H_ 2 X are 2.5 × 10^ -8 and 1.0 × 10^ -13 respectively. The concentration of X^ 2- in 0.1 M H_ 2 X solution is \_\_\_\_ × 10^ -15 M .

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15

At 25^ ∘ C , the concentration of H^ + ions in 1.00 × 10^ -3 M aqueous solution of a weak monobasic acid having acid dissociation constant (K_a)=4.00 × 10^ -11 is X × 10^ -7 M .

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16

The solubility of barium iodate in an aqueous solution prepared by mixing 200 mL of 0.010 M barium nitrate with 100 mL of 0.10 M sodium iodate is X × 10^ -6 ~mol dm^ -3 . The

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17

The equilibrium constant for decomposition of H_2 O(g) H_2 O(~g) leftharpoons H_2(~g)+(1)/(2) O_2(~g)(Δ G^ ∘ =92.34 ~kJ ~mol^ -1 ) is 8.0 × 10^ -3 at 2300 K and total pressure at

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18

Only litre buffer solution was prepared by adding 0.10 mol each of NH_3 and NH_4 Cl in deionised water. The change in pH on addition of 0.05 mol of HCl to the above solution is

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19

An aqueous solution of HCl with pH 1.0 is diluted by adding equal volume of water (ignoring dissociation of water). The pH of HCl solution would (Given 2=0.30)

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20

x mg of Mg(OH)_2( molar mass =58) is required to be dissolved in 1.0 L of water to produce a pH of 10.0 at 298 K. The value of x is ________ mg. (Nearest integer) (Given

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21

The pH of a 0.01 M weak acid HX(K_ a =4 × 10^ -10 ) is found to be 5. Now the acid solution is diluted with excess of water so that the pH of the solution changes to 6. The new

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22

10 mL of 2 M NaOH solution is added to 20 mL of 1 M HCl solution kept in a beaker. Now, 10 mL of this mixture is poured into a volumetric flask of 100 mL containing 2 moles of HCl

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23

If equal volumes of \(AB_2\) and XY (both are salts) aqueous solutions are mixed, which of the following combination will give a precipitate of \(AY_2\) at 300 K ? (Given \(K_ sp

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24

Total number of non bonded electrons present in NO_2 ^ - ion based on Lewis theory is

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25

Arrange the following in increasing order of solubility product : Ca(OH)_2, AgBr, PbS, HgS

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26

A weak acid HA has degree of dissociation x . Which option gives the correct expression of ( pH pK_ a )?

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27

K_ sp for Cr(OH)_3 is 1.6 × 10^ -30 . What is the molar solubility of this salt in water?

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28

pH of water is 7 at 25^ ∘ C . If water is heated to 80^ ∘ C ., it's pH will :

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29

Which of the following happens when NH_4 OH is added gradually to the solution containing 1 M A^ 2+ and 1 MB^ 3+ ions? Given : K_ sp [A(OH)_2]=9 × 10^ -10 and K_ sp [B(OH)_3]=27 ×

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30

If 1 mM solution of ethylamine produces pH=9 , then the ionization constant (K_ b ) of ethylamine is 10^ -x . The value of x is ______ (nearest integer). [The degree of ionization

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31

The molar solubility(s) of zirconium phosphate with molecular formula (Zr^ 4+ )_3(PO_4^ 3- )_4 is given by relation :

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32

For a sparingly soluble salt \(AB_2\), the equilibrium concentrations of \(A^ 2+ \) ions and \(B^ - \)ions are \(1.2 × 10^ -4 M\) and \(0.24 × 10^ -3 M\), respectively. The

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33

Given below are two statements : Statement (I) : A Buffer solution is the mixture of a salt and an acid or a base mixed in any particular quantities. Statement (II) : Blood is

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34

Given below are two statements : Statement I : On passing \(HCl_ (g) \) through a saturated solution of \(BaCl_2\), at room temperature white turbidity appears. Statement II

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35

Solubility of calcium phosphate (molecular mass, M ) in water is W _ g per 100mL at 25 ° C . Its solubility product at 25 ° C will be approximately.

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36

K _ a for CH _ 3 COOH is 1 . 8 × 10 ^ - 5 and K _ b for NH _ 4 OH is 1 . 8 × 10 ^ - 5 . The pH of ammonium acetate solution will be

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37

The pH of an aqueous solution containing 1M benzoic acid ( pK _ a = 4 . 20) and 1M sodium benzoate is 4 . 5 . The volume of benzoic acid solution in 300mL of this buffer solution

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38

The pH at which Mg ( OH ) _ 2 [ K _ sp = 1 × 10 ^ - 11 ] begins to precipitate from a solution containing 0 . 10M Mg ^ 2 + ions is ______.

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39

Which of the following is strongest Bronsted base?

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40

Given below are two statements : Statement (I) : Aqueous solution of ammonium carbonate is basic. Statement (II) : Acidic/basic nature of salt solution of a salt of weak acid and

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41

On decreasing the pH from 7 to 2 , the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt ( MX ) of a weak acid ( HX ) increased from 10 ^ - 4 mol L ^ - 1 to 10 ^ - 3 mol L ^ - 1 . The pK _ a

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42

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (A) The pH of 1 × 10 ^ – 8 MHCl solution is 8 . (B) The conjugate base of H _ 2 PO ^ 4 - is HPO _ 4 ^ 2 - . (C) K _ w increases

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43

20mL of 0 . 1MNaOH is added to 50mL of 0 . 1M acetic acid solution. The pH of the resulting solution is × 10 ^ - 2 . (Nearest integer) Given : pKa( CH _ 3 COOH) = 4 . 76 log2 = 0

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44

25 . 0mL of 0 . 050MBa ( NO _ 3 ) _ 2 is mixed with 25 . 0mL of 0 . 020MNaF . K _ sp of BaF _ 2 is 0 . 5 × 10 – 6 at 298K . The ratio of [ Ba ^ 2 + ] [ F ^ - ] ^ 2 and K _ sp is

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45

An analyst wants to convert 1LHCl of pH = 1 to a solution of HCl of pH = 2 . The volume of water needed to do this dilution is _____ mL . (Nearest integer)

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46

Given below are two statements: Statement-I : Methyl orange is a weak acid. Statement-II : The benzenoid form of methyl orange is more intense/deeply coloured than the quinonoid

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47

The solubility product of BaSO _ 4 is 1 × 10 ^ - 10 at 298K . The solubility of BaSO _ 4 in 0 . 1M K _ 2 SO _ 4 ( aq ) solution is ------ × 10 ^ - 9 g L ^ - 1 (nearest integer).

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48

The titration curve of weak acid vs. strong base with phenolphthalein as indicator is shown below. The K _ phenolphthalein = 4 × 10 ^ - 10 Given: log2 = 0 . 3 The number of

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49

Incorrect statement for the use of indicator in acid-base titration is:

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50

At 298K , the solubility of silver chloride in water is 1 . 434 × 10 ^ - 3 g L ^ - 1 . The value of - logK _ sp for silver chloride is (Given mass of Ag is 107 . 9g mol ^ - 1

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51

600mL of 0 . 01MHCl is mixed with 400mL of 0 . 01M H _ 2 SO _ 4 . The pH of the mixture is _____ × 10 ^ - 2 . (Nearest integer) [Given log2 = 0 . 30, log3 = 0 . 48, log5 = 0 . 69

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52

The volume of HCl , containing 73g L ^ - 1 , required to completely neutralise NaOH obtained by reacting 0 . 69g of metallic sodium with water, is _____ mL . (Nearest Integer)

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53

Millimoles of calcium hydroxyide required to produce 100mL of the aqueous solution of pH12 is x × 10 ^ - 1 . The value of x is _____ (Nearest integer). Assume complete

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54

When the hydrogen ion concentration [ H ^ + ] changes by a factor of 1000 , the value of pH of the solution

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55

A litre of buffer solution contains 0 . 1 mole of each of NH _ 3 and NH _ 4 Cl . On the addition of 0 . 02 mole of HCl by dissolving gaseous HCl , the pH of the solution is found

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56

If the pKa of lactic acid is 5 , then the pH of 0 . 005M calcium lactate solution at 25 ° C is __________ × 10 ^ – 1 (Nearest integer)

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57

The dissociation constant of acetic is x × 10 ^ – 5 . When 25mLof0 . 2M CH _ 3 COONa solution is mixed with 25mLof0 . 02M CH _ 3 COOH solution, the pH of the resultant solution is

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58

Concentration of H _ 2 SO _ 4 and Na _ 2 SO _ 4 in a solution is 1M and 1 . 8 × 10 ^ - 2 M , respectively. Molar solubility of PbSO _ 4 in the same solution is X × 10 ^ - Y M

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59

A solution is prepared by mixing 0 . 01mol each of H _ 2 CO _ 3 , NaHCO _ 3 , Na _ 2 CO _ 3 , and NaOH in 100 ~mL of water. pH of the resulting solution is [Given: pK _ a _ 1 and

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60

200mL of 0 . 01MHCl is mixed with 400mL of 0 . 01 MH _ 2 SO _ 4 . The pH of the mixture is

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61

If the solubility product of PbS is 8 × 10 ^ - 28 , then the solubility of PbS in pure water at 298K is x × 10 ^ - 16 mol L ^ - 1 . The value of x is____ (Nearest integer) [Given

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62

K _ a for butyric acid ( C _ 3 H _ 7 COOH) is 2 × 10 ^ - 5 . The pH of 0 . 2M solution of butyric acid is____ × 10 ^ - 1 . (Nearest integer) [Given log2 = 0 . 30 ]

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63

The Plot of pH -metric titration of weak base NH _ 4 OH vs strong acid HCl looks like

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64

At 310K , the solubility of CaF _ 2 in water is 2 . 34 × 10 ^ - 3 g / 100mL . The solubility product of CaF _ 2 is ---- × 10 ^ - 8 (mol / L) ^ 3 (nearest integer). (Given molar

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65

Class XII students were asked to prepare one litre of buffer solution of pH8 . 26 by their chemistry teacher. The amount of ammonium chloride to be dissolved by the student in 0 .

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66

Ka _ 1 , Ka _ 2 and Ka _ 3 are the respective ionization constants for the following reactions (a), (b) and (c). (a) H _ 2 C _ 2 O _ 4 ⇌ H ^ + + HC _ 2 O _ 4 ^ - (b) HC _ 2 O _ 4

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67

In base vs. Acid titration, at the end point methyl orange is present as

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68

20mL of 0 . 1M NH _ 4 OH is mixed with 40mL of 0 . 05MHCl . The pH of the mixture is nearest to: (Given: K _ b ( NH _ 4 OH) = 1 × 10 ^ - 5 , log2 = 0 . 30 , log3 = 0 . 48, log5 =

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69

The solubility of AgCl will be maximum in which of the following?

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70

A student needs to prepare a buffer solution of propanoic acid and its sodium salt with pH4 . The ratio of [ CH _ 3 CH _ 2 COO ^ - ] [ CH _ 3 CH _ 2 COOH] required to make buffer

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71

p ^ H value of 0 . 001MNaOH solution is

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72

50mL of 0 . 1M CH _ 3 COOH is being titrated against 0 . 1MNaOH . When 25mL of NaOH has been added, the pH of the solution will be____ × 10 ^ - 2 . (Nearest integer) (Given : pK _

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73

The K _ sp for bismuth sulphide ( Bi _ 2 S _ 3 ) is 1 . 08 × 10 ^ - 73 . The solubility of Bi _ 2 S _ 3 in molL ^ - 1 at 298K is

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74

Assertion: The amphoteric behaviour of water is explained by Lewis acid base theory Reason: water acts as acid with NH _ 3 and base with H _ 2 S

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75

The molar solubility of Zn ( OH ) _ 2 in 0 . 1MNaOH solution is x × 10 ^ - 18 M . The value of x is _____ . (Nearest integer) (Given : The solubility product ofZn ( OH ) _ 2 is2 ×

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76

The pH of a solution obtained by mixing 50mL of 1MHCl and 30mL of 1MNaOH is x × 10 ^ - 4 . The value of x is (Nearest integer) [log2 . 5 = 0 . 3979]

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77

A _ 3 B _ 2 is a sparingly soluble salt of molar mass M(g mol ^ - 1 ) and solubility xg L ^ - 1 . The solubility product satisfies K _ sp = a ((x)/(M)) ^ 5 . The value of a is

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78

Given below are two statements: Statement I : In the titration between strong acid and weak base methyl orange is suitable as an indicator. Statement II : For titration of acetic

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79

Assuming that Ba ( OH ) _ 2 is completely ionised in aqueous solution under the given conditions the concentration of H _ 3 O ^ + ions in 0 . 005M aqueous solution of Ba ( OH ) _

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80

A solution is 0 . 1M in Cl ^ - and 0 . 001M in CrO _ 4 ^ 2 - . Solid AgNO _ 3 is gradually added to it Assuming that the addition does not change in volume and K _ sp ( AgCl ) = 1

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81

The solubility of CdSO _ 4 in water is 8 . 0 × 10 ^ - 4 mol L ^ - 1 . Its solubility in 0 . 01M H _ 2 SO _ 4 solution is ___ × 10 ^ - 6 mol L ^ - 1 (Round off to the Nearest

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82

10 . 0ml of Na _ 2 CO _ 3 solution is titrated against 0 . 2MHCl solution. The following values were obtained in 5 readings. 4 . 8ml, 4 . 9ml, 5 . 0ml, 5 . 0ml and 5 . 0ml Based

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83

In order to prepare a buffer solution of pH5 . 74 , sodium acetate is added to acetic acid. If the concentration of acetic acid in the buffer is 1 . 0M, the concentration of

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84

Which of the following compound CANNOT act as a Lewis base?

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85

0 . 01 moles of a weak acid HA( K _ a = 2 . 0 × 10 ^ - 6 ) is dissolved in 1 . 0L of 0 . 1MHCl solution. The degree of dissociation of HA is __________ × 10 ^ - 5 (Round off to

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86

Sulphurous acid ( H _ 2 SO _ 3 ) has Ka _ 1 = 1 . 7 × 10 ^ - 2 and Ka _ 2 = 6 . 4 × 10 ^ - 8 . The pH of 0 . 588M H _ 2 SO _ 3 is____________ ( Round off to the Nearest Integer ) .

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87

Two salts A _ 2 X and MX have the same value of solubility product of 4 . 0 × 10 ^ - 12 . The ratio of their molar solubilizes i.e. S( A _ 2 X) S ( MX ) = ________. (Round off to

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88

The pH of ammonium phosphate solution, if pk _ a of phosphoric acid and pk _ b of ammonium hydroxide are 5 . 23 and 4 . 75 respectively, is

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89

The solubility of Ca (OH) _ 2 in water is : [Given : The solubility product of Ca (OH) _ 2 in water = 5 . 5 × 10 ^ - 6 ]

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90

The solubility of AgCN in a buffer solution of pH = 3 is x . The value of x is: [Assume : No cyano complex is formed ; K _ sp (AgCN) = 2 . 2 × 10 ^ - 16 and K _ a (HCN) = 6 . 2 ×

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91

The solubility product of PbI _ 2 is 8 . 0 × 10 ^ - 9 . The solubility of lead iodide in 0 . 1 molar solution of lead nitrate is x × 10 ^ - 6 mol / L . The value of x is _________

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92

A solution of 0 . 1M weak base ( B ) is titrated with 0 . 1M of a strong acid ( HA ) . The variation of pH of the solution with the volume of HA added is shown in the figure

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93

An acidified solution of 0 . 05M Zn ^ 2 + is saturated with 0 . 1M H _ 2 S . What is the minimum molar concentration ( M ) of H ^ + required to prevent the precipitation of ZnS ?

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94

If the solubility product of AB _ 2 is 3 . 20 × 10 ^ - 11 M ^ 3 , then the solubility of AB _ 2 in pure water is _______ × 10 ^ - 4 mol L ^ - 1 [Assuming that neither kind of ion

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95

Arrange the following solutions in the decreasing order of pOH : (A) 0 . 01MHCl (B) 0 . 01MNaOH (C) 0 . 01 MCH _ 3 COONa (D) 0 . 01MNaCl

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96

A soft drink was bottled with a partial pressure of CO _ 2 of 3 bar over the liquid at room temperature. The partial pressure of CO _ 2 over the solution approaches a value of 30

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97

An acidic buffer is obtained on mixing:

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98

The solubility product of Cr ( OH ) _ 3 at 298K is 6.0 × 10 ^ - 31 . The concentration of hydroxide ions in a saturated solution of Cr (OH) _ 3 will be

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99

The K _ sp for the following dissociation is 1.6 × 10 ^ - 5 PbCl _ 2(s) ⇌ P b _ (aq) ^ 2 + + 2C l _ (aq) ^ - Which of the following choices is correct for a mixture of

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100

For the following Assertion and Reason, the correct option is: Assertion: The pH of water increases with increase in temperature. Reason: The dissociation of water into H ^ + and

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101

The stoichiometry and solubility product of a salt with the solubility curve given below is, respectively:

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102

3g of acetic acid is added to 250mL of 0.1MHCl and the solution made up to 500mL . To 20mL of this solution (1)/(2)mL of 5MNaOH is added. The pH of the solution is ________

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103

Two solutions, A and B, each of 100L was made by dissolving 4g of NaOH and 9.8g of H _ 2 S O _ 4 in water, respectively. The pH of the resultant solution obtained from mixing 40L

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104

In an aqueous solution, the ionization constants for carbonic acid are K _ 1 = 4.2 × 1 0 ^ - 7 and K _ 2 = 4.8 × 1 0 ^ - 11 Select the correct statement for a saturated 0.034 M

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105

At 25 ^ o C,pH range of phenolphthalein is 8 - 10. At 100 ^ o C, pH range of phenolphthalein would be -

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106

The equilibrium constant for : CN ^ - + CH _ 3 COOH ⇌ HCN + CH _ 3 COO ^ - is : ( Given pK _ b for CN ^ - = 4.69and pK _ b for CH _ 3 COO ^ - = 2.25 )

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107

Bromine in excess is dropped to a 0.01M SO _ 2 . All of SO _ 2 is oxidized to H _ 2 SO _ 4 and the excess Br _ 2 ~is removed by flushing with gaseous N _ 2 . Determine the pH of

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108

The K _ sp of FeS = 4 × 10 ^ - 19 at 298K. The minimum concentration of H^ + ions required to prevent the precipitation of FeS from a 0.01M solution Fe^ 2 + salt by passing H _ 2

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109

K_ a for HCN is 5 x 10^ - 10 at 25^ o C. For maintaining a constant pH of 9, the volume of 5 M KCN solution required to be added to 10 mL of 2 M HCN solution is:

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110

Minimum moles of NH _ 3 required to be added to 1L solution so as to dissolve 0 .1 mol of AgCl( K _ sp = 1 .0 × 10 ^ - 10 ) by the reaction is: cases AgCl(s) & + & 2 NH _ 3 & & ⇌

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111

For the indicator, HIn; the ratio& [ In ^ - ] [HIn] is 7 .0 at pH of 4 .3 . K _ In for the indicator is [ Given: log7 = 0 .845 and Antilog ( - 3.455 ) = 3.5 × 10 ^ - 4 ]

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112

If the pK_ a of acetic acid and pK_ b of NH_ 4 OH are 4.76 and 4.75 respectively, what will be the pH of ammonium acetate solution?

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113

What is [H^ + ] in a solution that is 0.01M in HCN and 0.02M in NaCN? br /> ( K _ a for HCN = 6.2 × 1 0 ^ - 10 )

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114

If the concentration of [ N H _ 4 ^ + ] in a solution having 0.02MN H _ 3 and 0.005MCa (OH) _ 2 is a × 10 ^ - 6 M , determine a . [ k _ b (N H _ 3 ) = 1.8 × 10 ^ - 5 ]

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115

What is the [ OH ^ − ] concentration of a 0.04M solution of CH_ 3 COONa? [K _ a of CH_ 3 COONa=2× 10 ^ - 5 ,log 2=0.30,log 5=0.69, 10 ^ 0.7 ≅ 5]

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116

Calculate dissociation constant for an acid HA having [ H^ + ] equals to 0.1M (Given: degree of dissociation of HA is 1% )

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117

The Solubility of A B _ 2 is 0.05g per 100mL at 25^ o C. Calculate K _ sp of A B _ 2 at 25^ o C? [Atomic mass of A=20amu, atomic mass of B=40amu ]

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118

One litre of 1M solution of an acid HA ( K _ a = 10 ^ - 4 at 25 ^ o C) has pH=2. It is diluted by water so the new pH becomes double. The solution was diluted to y × 1 0 ^ z ml .

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119

When 0.01 moles of the following acids are dissolved in 1L of H _ 2 O , the [ H^ + ] will be greatest in: -

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120

pH of a 1000cc solution is 2. It will not change if

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